import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import scipy.stats

plt.style.use('ggplot')

np.random.seed(seed=0)
x = np.random.randn(1000)
y = np.random.randn(100)
z = np.random.randn(10)


##################### Box plots #############################
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.boxplot((x, y, z), vert=False, showmeans=True, meanline=True,
           labels=('x', 'y', 'z'), patch_artist=True,
           medianprops={'linewidth': 2, 'color': 'purple'},
           meanprops={'linewidth': 2, 'color': 'red'})
plt.show()

##################### Histograms #############################

hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(x, bins=10)
print("\nThe number of items corresponding to each bin", hist)

print("bins:",bin_edges)
############ 1st example #############
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.hist(x, bin_edges, cumulative=False)
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('Frequency')
plt.show()
############ 2nd example #############
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.hist(x, bin_edges, cumulative=True)
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('Frequency')
plt.show()

######################## Pie Charts ##############################
x, y, z = 128, 256, 1024
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.pie((x, y, z), labels=('x', 'y', 'z'), autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.show()

##################### Bar Charts ###################################
x = np.arange(21)
y = np.random.randint(21, size=21)
err =  np.abs(np.random.randn(21))

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(x, y, yerr=err)
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
plt.show()

######################## X-Y plots ###################################
x = np.arange(21)
y = 5 + 2 * x + 2 * np.random.randn(21)
slope, intercept, r, *__ = scipy.stats.linregress(x, y)
line = f'Regression line: y={intercept:.2f}+{slope:.2f}x, r={r:.2f}'
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y, linewidth=0, marker='s', label='Data points')
ax.plot(x, intercept + slope * x, label=line)
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.legend(facecolor='white')
plt.show()

########################### Heatmaps #############################
######### 1st example
matrix = np.cov(x, y).round(decimals=2)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.imshow(matrix)
ax.grid(False)
ax.xaxis.set(ticks=(0, 1), ticklabels=('x', 'y'))
ax.yaxis.set(ticks=(0, 1), ticklabels=('x', 'y'))
ax.set_ylim(1.5, -0.5)
for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        ax.text(j, i, matrix[i, j], ha='center', va='center', color='w')
plt.show()

################# 2nd example
matrix = np.corrcoef(x, y).round(decimals=2)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.imshow(matrix)
ax.grid(False)
ax.xaxis.set(ticks=(0, 1), ticklabels=('x', 'y'))
ax.yaxis.set(ticks=(0, 1), ticklabels=('x', 'y'))
ax.set_ylim(1.5, -0.5)
for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        ax.text(j, i, matrix[i, j], ha='center', va='center', color='w')
plt.show()